What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful medical condition. It affects millions of women worldwide. It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, grows outside the uterus in areas where it doesn’t belong. This misplaced tissue can lead to severe pain, infertility and other complications. Endometriosis is common yet often misunderstood and misdiagnosed, denying many women proper treatment.

What causes Endometriosis?

It is difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of endometriosis. There are many theories about the same. One widely accepted theory is retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body. Another theory holds that certain cells outside the uterus transform into endometrial-like cells due to hormonal or immune system influences.

Genetics also seems play a role, as endometriosis tends to run in families.

A few other risk factors also exist for this disease which include:

• Early menstruation (before age 11)
• Short menstrual cycles (less than 27 days)
• Heavy or prolonged periods
• Low body mass index (BMI)
• High oestrogen levels
• Immune system disorders

Identifying the symptoms

The symptoms for Endometriosis are diverse with severity varying from person to person. While some women have mild symptoms, others experience debilitating pain.

Let’s take a look at the common symptoms:

• Pelvic pain – Often associated with menstrual cycles but can occur at any time.
• Painful periods (dysmenorrhea) – Cramps that are worse than usual and may extend to the lower back and legs.
• Pain during or after intercourse – This discomfort is caused by endometrial-like tissue growing near reproductive organs.
• Painful bowel movements or urination.
• Heavy menstrual bleeding – Excessive bleeding or spotting between periods.
• Infertility – Endometriosis is one of the leading causes of infertility, affecting up to 50% of women with the condition.
• Fatigue, bloating, nausea, and digestive issues.

Diagnosis

With symptoms very similar to other conditions, diagnosing endometriosis is not easy. Doctors typically begin with a pelvic exam and imaging tests like ultrasounds or MRIs. However, the only definitive way to diagnose endometriosis is through laparoscopy, a minor surgical procedure that allows doctors to see and remove abnormal tissue.

Treatment options available

Unfortunately, endometriosis is incurable. However, treatment options do exist which can help manage the symptoms. Some of these options are:

Medications

The right medicines can help substantially with endometriosis.

Pain relievers: Over-the-counter NSAIDs like ibuprofen help with pain.

Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills, GnRH agonists and progestin therapy can reduce or stop menstrual cycles, slowing the growth of endometrial-like tissue.

Surgical Options

Surgery is quite effective at treating endometriosis. It can be of two types:

Laparoscopic surgery – This removes endometrial growths while preserving reproductive organs.

Hysterectomy – In severe cases, the uterus may have to be removed but this is usually a last resort.

Lifestyle and Alternative Therapies

Though some people remain sceptic, lifestyle changes and alternative therapies often yield fantastic results and help relieve those suffering from endometriosis.

Dietary changes – Anti-inflammatory foods help reduce symptoms.

Exercise and stress management – Regular physical activity and relaxation techniques provide relief.

Physical therapy and acupuncture – These alternative treatments often deliver succour.

The final word

While it is a fact that Endometriosis is a complex condition which is incurable, there is no reason to give up hope as symptoms can be managed well. Early diagnosis and proper management can enable afflicted women to lead healthier lives. Seeking medical advice early is crucial to finding the right treatment and improving quality of life.